Sheffield laws and conditions: questions and answers
Based on Private Hire Operator and Vehicle Licence Policy (Sheffield City Council, undated; states it has effect from 1 February 2023; file modified 13 June 2025) and 4 other sources. Checked .
Laws and Conditions is one of the five sections of Sheffield's knowledge test. You get 10 questions and need at least 80% (8 out of 10) in this section alone.
The Council's guidance asks you to study the Town Police Clauses Act 1847, the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976, the Road Safety Act 2006, the Equality Act 2010, the Sheffield hackney carriage byelaws, and the Council's driver, vehicle and operator conditions and policies. The general law is in our licensing law and equality and disability topics.
The questions here come from four Council documents: the Private Hire Operator and Vehicle Licence Policy, the Hackney Carriage and Private Hire Driver's Licence Policy (which holds the driver conditions), the Hackney Carriage Byelaws and the Hackney Carriage Vehicle Licence Policy. The last three no longer open on the Council's website, so we used archived copies: the driver policy as presented to the Council's committee in 2022, the byelaws and the hackney carriage vehicle policy. Ask the Licensing Service (0114 273 4264) for the current versions before your test, in case anything has changed.
63 questions in 6 sets. Answer one set at a time and you'll see the right answer straight away. Every question and answer is also listed below and in a free PDF.
Private hire signs and plates
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Question 1 of 10
Where must the outside licence plate of a Sheffield private hire vehicle be fixed?
All 63 questions and answers
Open a set to see each question, the right answer and why.
Private hire signs and plates10 questions
1. Where must the outside licence plate of a Sheffield private hire vehicle be fixed?
Answer: A. On the rear, not covering the number plate. The exterior plate must be securely fixed to the rear, must not cover the registration mark and must be kept clean. PHV Policy, Part 15, vehicle condition 1(a)
2. Which words must the door signs on a Sheffield private hire vehicle show, as a minimum?
Answer: B. 'Pre-Booked Only' and 'Private Hire Vehicle'. Door signs must include the Council crest, the vehicle licence number and the words 'Pre-Booked Only' and 'Private Hire Vehicle'. PHV Policy, Part 14 and vehicle condition 1(d)
3. Which doors must carry the private hire door signs?
Answer: C. Both front doors. The policy says door signs must be fixed to both front doors whenever the vehicle is used for private hire. PHV Policy, Part 14 and vehicle condition 1(d)
4. Can a Sheffield private hire vehicle have a roof sign?
Answer: D. No, roof signs are not allowed. Sheffield's policy says roof signage is not permitted on private hire vehicles. Any other extra sign needs approval first. PHV Policy, Part 14 (Additional signage)
5. Where must the interior licence plate be fixed so passengers can read it?
Answer: A. On the window of the nearside rear door. The interior plate goes on the inside of the quarter light glass on the nearside rear door, so all passengers can see it. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 1(b)
6. Where must the driver's identification be shown in the vehicle?
Answer: B. On the left-hand side of the front windscreen. Driver information must be shown on the left-hand side of the front windscreen glass. PHV Policy, Part 14 (Interior signage)
7. A private hire driver wants a sign that tells people in the street the car is free now. Is this allowed?
Answer: C. No. It must not look free to hire without booking. The conditions ban any sign, mark or light that suggests a private hire vehicle is available without pre-booking. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 1(f)
8. What does 'executive hire' mean in Sheffield's policy?
Answer: D. Contract work for clients who do not want the car to be recognised. Executive hire is transport under a written contract, or for clients who for security or safety reasons do not want the vehicle to be identifiable. PHV Policy, Part 14 (Executive hire signage exemptions)
9. A vehicle has an executive hire exemption. When can it run without its plate and signs?
Answer: A. Only on executive hire bookings through the named operator. The exemption only applies when the vehicle is booked through the named operator for executive hire. The licence must be carried and shown on request. PHV Policy, Part 14 (Executive hire signage exemptions)
10. You want to put another sign or notice on your private hire vehicle. What do you need first?
Answer: B. The Council's written consent. The proprietor must not display any other sign or notice without the Council's prior written consent. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 1(e)
Accidents, changes and records11 questions
11. Your licensed vehicle is damaged in an accident and it affects how it looks. When must you tell the Council?
Answer: C. As soon as possible, and within 72 hours. Section 50(3) of the 1976 Act and Sheffield's conditions say an accident affecting safety, performance or appearance must be reported within 72 hours. LG(MP)A 1976, s.50(3); PHV Policy, Part 12
12. A damaged private hire vehicle has been repaired. What must happen before it goes back to work?
Answer: D. It must pass a compliance test at the Council's testing station. After repair the vehicle is subject to a compliance test at Sheffield City Council's testing station. PHV Policy, Part 12 and vehicle condition 2(d)
13. Your vehicle is too badly damaged to be driven to the Council for inspection. What must you do?
Answer: A. Tell the Council and send photos of the damage. If the vehicle cannot be presented, the proprietor must tell the Council and send photos showing the worst damage. PHV Policy, Part 12 and vehicle condition 2(d)
14. A vehicle licence holder receives a police caution. How long do they have to tell the Council?
Answer: B. 48 hours. The vehicle conditions say the licensee must tell the Council within 48 hours of any conviction, caution, warning or reprimand. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 7
15. A proprietor sells their licensed private hire vehicle to someone else. When must they tell the Council?
Answer: C. Within 14 days. A proprietor who transfers the vehicle must tell the Council within 14 days and give the new owner's details. PHV Policy, Part 13 and vehicle condition 8
16. The proprietor of a private hire vehicle moves house. When must they tell the Council in writing?
Answer: D. Within 14 days. The vehicle conditions say a change of address must be given in writing within 14 days. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 9
17. How long must a proprietor keep the record of each person who drove the vehicle?
Answer: A. 12 months from the day that driver last used it. The proprietor must keep driver records for 12 months from the date the driver last used the vehicle and show them to police or Council officers on request. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 6(a)
18. Which safety checks must the licensee make often, as a minimum?
Answer: B. Lights, oil, water, tyres, mirrors and seatbelts. The conditions list lights, oil, water, tyres, mirrors and seatbelts as the minimum frequent checks. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 2(e)
19. You find a fault during your vehicle checks. What should you do?
Answer: C. Get it fixed before you do any more licensed work. Faults must be put right at once, and the vehicle should not be used for licensed work until the repair is done. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 2(e)
20. A proprietor starts taking bookings from a second operator. What must they do?
Answer: D. Tell the Council and show the right door signs for each booking. The proprietor must tell the Council of every company the vehicle works for and display the right door signs for each booking. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 10
21. The Council asks to see the insurance certificate for your private hire vehicle. How long do you have?
Answer: A. Five days. The licensee must produce a certificate of insurance within five days of the Council asking for it. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 4(c)
Passengers and bookings9 questions
22. How many passengers may you carry in a licensed private hire vehicle?
Answer: B. No more than the number shown on the vehicle licence. You must not carry more people, not counting the driver, than the number on the licence. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 5(a)
23. What door access must every passenger have in a Sheffield private hire vehicle?
Answer: C. At least two side doors, with one on the nearside. All passengers must have access to at least two side doors, one of which must be on the nearside. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 5(d)
24. A private hire vehicle is used to carry passengers in wheelchairs. What extra cover is needed?
Answer: D. Public liability insurance of at least £2 million. Where a private hire vehicle carries wheelchair users, the conditions require public liability insurance with at least £2m cover. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 4(b)
25. A disabled passenger has booked and has an assistance dog with them. When can the driver refuse the booking?
Answer: A. Only with a medical exemption certificate from the Council. Drivers must not refuse a disabled person with an assistance dog unless they hold a medical exemption certificate issued by the Council. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 6(d); Equality Act 2010, s.170
26. A customer phones to book a car without a meter and asks how much it will cost. What must the operator do?
Answer: B. Explain how the fare is worked out, in writing if asked. If asked, the operator must tell the person booking the basis of the hire charge, and put it in writing if requested. PHV Policy, operator condition 8
27. Which law makes it illegal to smoke in a licensed vehicle used for work?
Answer: C. Health Act 2006. Operators must remind drivers of their duty under the Health Act 2006: no smoking in the vehicle. PHV Policy, operator condition 11(b)
28. What must operators remind drivers about seatbelts?
Answer: D. The legal rules for adults and for children under 14. Operators must bring drivers' legal duties on seatbelts for adults and children under 14 to their attention. PHV Policy, operator condition 11(a)
29. Who may drive a Sheffield-licensed private hire vehicle for private hire work?
Answer: A. Only a driver licensed by Sheffield City Council. Anyone who drives a Sheffield private hire vehicle must hold a hackney carriage and private hire driver's licence issued by Sheffield City Council. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 6(b)
30. Which passengers do the conditions say drivers must be especially ready to help?
Answer: B. Passengers with a disability. All drivers must be fully aware of the need to help passengers, especially those with a disability. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 6(c)
Vehicle standards and CCTV9 questions
31. Can you fit extra speakers or a sub-woofer in a licensed private hire vehicle?
Answer: C. No. Audio equipment must be factory fitted. The conditions say all audio equipment must be factory fitted, with no extra amplifiers, speakers or sub-woofers. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 3(b)
32. Can you add tinted film to the windows of a Sheffield private hire vehicle?
Answer: D. No. Tinted films are not allowed on any window. The specification says tinted films on any window, and other aftermarket changes to the glass, are not permitted. PHV Policy, Part 4, section 10 (Windows)
33. What is the upper age limit for a petrol or diesel private hire vehicle in Sheffield?
Answer: A. 9 years. Petrol and diesel vehicles have an upper age limit of 9 years, counted from first registration. PHV Policy, Part 4, section 3.0
34. What is the upper age limit for a fully electric or hydrogen private hire vehicle?
Answer: B. 14 years. Battery electric and hydrogen vehicles can be licensed up to 14 years old. Hybrids have a 12-year limit. PHV Policy, Part 4, section 3.0
35. How does the Council work out the age of a vehicle?
Answer: C. From the date it was first registered. The policy uses the date of first registration to decide the vehicle's age. PHV Policy, Part 4, section 3.0
36. Your vehicle has an approved CCTV system. When must video recording be on?
Answer: D. Whenever the vehicle is used for licensed work. Video recording must be active when the vehicle is used for licensable purposes. It does not need to run during private, domestic use. PHV Policy, Part 5 (Camera activation)
37. Your CCTV system records sound. When must audio recording be switched on?
Answer: A. With an unaccompanied child or vulnerable adult, or in a dispute. Audio must be active when carrying an unaccompanied child or vulnerable adult, or when there is a dispute or the driver feels threatened. PHV Policy, Part 5 (Audio recording)
38. What notices are needed in a vehicle with CCTV?
Answer: B. Notices front and rear saying video and audio may be recorded. Notices must be placed in both the front and rear, telling passengers that visual and audio recording takes place. PHV Policy, Part 5 (Signage)
39. When must the luggage area of a private hire vehicle be kept clear?
Answer: C. At all times, so passenger luggage can be stored safely. Storage areas must be kept free from obstruction so passenger luggage can be stored safely. PHV Policy, vehicle condition 2(b)
Driver licence conditions12 questions
40. You are a licensed driver and the police arrest you for an assault. When must you tell the Licensing Service?
Answer: D. Within 48 hours. Drivers must tell the Council within 48 hours of any arrest, charge or conviction for a sexual offence, dishonesty, violence or any motoring offence. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 4
41. You move to a new house. How soon must you tell the Licensing Service in writing?
Answer: A. Within 7 days. A change of address must be reported in writing within 7 days, and you must show that you have told the DVLA too. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 9
42. Your licence is suspended. When must you give back your driver's badge and licence?
Answer: B. Within 1 working day. The badge belongs to the Council. If the licence is suspended, revoked or no longer valid, the badge and licence must be returned within 1 working day. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 3(d)
43. A parent asks if their 8-year-old child can sit in the front seat. What do the conditions say?
Answer: C. No, unless an impairment makes the front safer. You must not carry a passenger under 10 in the front, unless an impairment means the front seat is safer for them. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 6(c)
44. You have no passengers and are waiting for your next job. Can you vape in your licensed vehicle?
Answer: D. No, not at any time. The conditions say you must not smoke, vape or take any similar substance in the vehicle at any time, with or without passengers. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 2(g)
45. You are carrying a passenger for hire. Can you eat a snack while you drive?
Answer: A. No, not while carrying passengers for hire. While carrying passengers for hire and reward you must not eat or drink in the vehicle. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 2(h)
46. How many private hire operators can you take bookings from at the same time?
Answer: B. Only one. You may take bookings from only one private hire operator at a time. Using several booking systems at once is not allowed. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 10(a)
47. You stop working for one private hire operator and start with another. When must you tell the Licensing Service?
Answer: C. Within 48 hours. You must tell the Licensing Service which operator you take bookings from, and report a change of operator within 48 hours. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 10(b)
48. After a journey you find a passenger's phone and you cannot return it to them. What do the driver conditions say?
Answer: D. Try to trace the owner; police stations take phones. You must check for property after each journey and return it at once. If you cannot, take reasonable steps to trace the owner. Police stations accept some items, including phones that may hold personal data. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 8
49. A passenger has hired you. On the way, can you pick up a friend who needs a lift?
Answer: A. Only if the hirer clearly agrees. You must not carry any other person in the vehicle without the express consent of the hirer. Driver Policy 2022, Part 13, condition 6(d)
50. Your Sheffield licence ran out 18 months ago and you apply again. What does the policy say?
Answer: B. You must take the new-driver tests again. If your last licence expired more than 12 months ago you are treated as a new applicant and must take the tests and training for new drivers again, including the knowledge test. Driver Policy 2022, Part 8 and Part 8.5
51. A private hire driver is convicted of plying for hire. How long does the policy say must normally pass before a new licence is granted?
Answer: C. At least 12 months. A driver convicted of plying for hire will normally not be granted a licence for at least 12 months from the conviction or revocation, and must then retake all the tests. Driver Policy 2022, Part 11
Hackney carriage byelaws12 questions
52. You drive onto a hackney carriage rank that has a free space. Where do you put your taxi?
Answer: D. Behind the last taxi, facing the same way. On a rank that is not full you must park immediately behind the taxis already there, facing the same direction, and move up as the ones in front leave. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 12(c) and (d)
53. While you wait on a rank, can you call out to people walking past to get a fare?
Answer: A. No, you must not call out for a hire. A driver standing or plying for hire must not call out, or use anyone else, to persuade a person to hire the taxi. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 8
54. Under the byelaws, what must you do with property left in your hackney carriage if nobody claims it?
Answer: B. Within 24 hours, take it to police lost property. You must search the taxi after each hiring. Property that is not claimed must go to the South Yorkshire Police lost property office in Sheffield within 24 hours. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 17
55. During a hiring, when must the taximeter display be lit up?
Answer: C. In darkness, and at other times if asked. The meter display must be lit during any part of a hiring in the hours of darkness (half an hour after sunset to half an hour before sunrise), and at any other time if the hirer asks. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 19(c)
56. When must the 'TAXI' or 'FOR HIRE' sign on your hackney carriage be lit?
Answer: D. When it is for hire and not hired. The sign must be lit, day and night, whenever the taxi is standing or plying for hire in the city and is not hired. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 21
57. On a hiring charged by distance, can you take more than the fare shown on the taximeter?
Answer: A. Only an extra the Council allows, shown on a notice. You must not charge more than the meter shows unless the Council has authorised the extra and it is shown on a Council notice inside the taxi. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaws 13 and 14
58. A hirer asks you to carry their suitcases. Up to what total weight of personal luggage must you carry?
Answer: B. 50 kg. If the taxi is built or adapted to carry luggage, you must carry personal luggage up to 50 kg in total when asked, and help to load and unload it. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 10(a)
59. A passenger has a folded pushchair. Does it count as personal luggage under the byelaws?
Answer: C. Yes, prams and pushchairs count. The byelaws say 'personal luggage' includes a pram and a child's pushchair. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 10(e)
60. Which of these must a Sheffield hackney carriage carry, ready to use?
Answer: D. A Council-approved fire extinguisher. The proprietor must carry a fire extinguisher of a type approved by the Council, where it is easy to reach, and keep it in good working order. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 16(a)(viii)
61. A passenger asks to see a copy of the hackney carriage byelaws. What must you do?
Answer: A. Show them a clean copy of the byelaws. A driver standing, plying or driving for hire must show a clean copy of the byelaws when a hirer, a police officer or an authorised officer asks. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 24
62. What is the highest fine a court can give for one offence against the hackney carriage byelaws?
Answer: B. £100. Breaking a byelaw can lead to a fine of up to £100, plus up to £5 a day if the offence continues after conviction. Hackney Carriage Byelaws, byelaw 25
63. Up to what age can a petrol or diesel hackney carriage stay licensed in Sheffield?
Answer: C. 15 years. Petrol and diesel hackney carriages can be licensed up to 15 years old. Zero emission capable ones can be licensed up to 20 years old. Hackney Carriage Vehicle Licence Policy, Part 21
Questions people ask
What does the Laws and Conditions section ask about?
The Council's examples are: who sets the fares for private hire vehicles, whether you can smoke in a licensed vehicle, and whether you can charge more for carrying a wheelchair user. Expect questions on the law, the byelaws and the Council's conditions.
Are these the current byelaws and driver conditions?
We think so, but we could not check them on the Council's website. On 29 October 2026 the Council's links to the byelaws, the driver policy and the hackney carriage vehicle policy all returned 'page not found', so we used archived copies (listed under Sources). Ask the Licensing Service (0114 273 4264) for the current versions.
The byelaws and the driver conditions say different things about lost property. Which is right?
Both apply to hackney carriage drivers. The byelaws say unclaimed property must go to the police lost property office within 24 hours. The driver conditions, which cover all drivers, say to try to trace the owner and that police stations take some items, such as phones. If you drive a hackney carriage, follow the byelaw.
More Sheffield practice
Sources
- Private Hire Operator and Vehicle Licence Policy, Sheffield City Council, undated; states it has effect from 1 February 2023; file modified 13 June 2025. Checked 29 October 2026.
- Hackney Carriage and Private Hire Driver's Licence Policy (Appendix H, committee papers), Sheffield City Council, archived copy of 17 May 2025: https://web.archive.org/web/20250517061117/https://democracy.sheffield.gov.uk/documents/s54747/Appendix%20H.pdf. Committee copy, file dated 20 September 2022; its effective date is left as '(insert date)'. The Council's own copy (https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-02/hackney_carriage-and-private-hire-drivers-policy-2022.pdf) returned 'page not found' on 29 October 2026. Checked 29 October 2026.
- Sheffield City Council Hackney Carriage Byelaws, Sheffield City Council, archived copy of 12 June 2024: https://web.archive.org/web/20240612214850/https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2023-10/HC%20Byelaws.pdf. Undated; file dated 17 October 2023. The Council's link returned 'page not found' on 29 October 2026. Checked 29 October 2026.
- Hackney Carriage Vehicle Licence Policy, Sheffield City Council, archived copy of 25 November 2024: https://web.archive.org/web/20241125083855/https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2023-06/hackney_carriage_vehicle_policy.pdf. States it has effect from 1 March 2023; file dated 21 June 2023. A later copy (sites/default/files/2025-07/) returned 'page not found' on 29 October 2026. Checked 29 October 2026.
- Knowledge Test Guidance, Sheffield City Council, undated; file created 27 June 2024, modified 20 January 2026. Checked 29 October 2026.
Councils update their tests and policies, often yearly. If something here no longer matches your council's guidance, the council is right; please tell us so we can fix it.