Sefton Licensing Handbook: questions and answers
Based on Hackney Carriage, Private Hire and Omnibus Licensing Scheme Handbook, version 3.3 (Sefton Council, published 11 March 2024) and one other source. Checked .
Every question in Sefton's knowledge test is answered in the Council's Licensing Handbook (version 3.3, revised 11 March 2024). The test is open book: you have the handbook with you, and each question is headed with its subject so you can find the answer from the index.
That means the skill is finding the right part fast, not learning every number by heart. Each question below gives the handbook part it comes from. Practise looking them up in your own copy.
These are our own questions, written from the handbook. They are not the Council's questions. Questions marked hackney or private hire only apply to that licence, but the test is the same for both.
59 questions in 5 sets. Answer one set at a time and you'll see the right answer straight away. Every question and answer is also listed below and in a free PDF.
Getting and keeping a driver licence
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Question 1 of 10
How long must you have held a full driving licence before Sefton will grant you a driver licence?
All 59 questions and answers
Open a set to see each question, the right answer and why.
Getting and keeping a driver licence10 questions
1. How long must you have held a full driving licence before Sefton will grant you a driver licence?
Answer: A. At least 12 months in total. Part 1 says you must have held a full DVLA, EU or Northern Ireland driving licence for a total of at least 12 months. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 1 (Driver licences)
2. What kind of medical does Sefton need before it grants a driver licence?
Answer: C. A full DVLA Group 2 medical. Part 1 asks for a full vocational (DVLA Group 2) medical by your GP or another GMC-registered doctor who can see your medical records. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 1 (Driver licences)
3. After your first licence, at what ages does Sefton ask for a new medical?
Answer: B. At 45, 55 and 65, then every 3 years. Medicals are needed on first licensing, on reaching 45, 55 and 65, and every 3 years after 65. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 1 (Driver licences)
4. The Council refuses you a licence because you are not a 'fit and proper' person. What can you do?
Answer: D. Appeal to the Magistrates' Court within 21 days. Part 1 and Annex 1 both say a refused applicant may appeal to the Magistrates' Court within 21 days of the decision. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 1 and Annex 1 para 14
5. You receive a formal caution while you hold a Sefton private hire driver licence. When must you tell the Council in writing?
Answer: B. Within 7 working days. Part 2(f) says full details of any caution, endorsable fixed penalty or conviction must be reported in writing within 7 working days. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 2(f)
6. Your licensed vehicle is in an accident that damages it. When must you report it to the Council?
Answer: D. Within 72 hours, with details and the insurance policy. Any accident causing injury or damage must be reported in writing within 72 hours, with full details, the vehicle's condition and the insurance policy valid at the time. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 2(f) and Part 3(e)
7. A court bans you from driving. What must you do as a licensed driver?
Answer: A. Tell the Council within 24 hours and return your licence and badge within 7 working days. Part 2(f) says report any disqualification within 24 hours and return your driver's licence and badge within 7 working days. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 2(f)
8. You move house. How long do you have to tell the Council in writing?
Answer: C. 7 working days. A change of address must be reported in writing within 7 working days. A change of operator has the same limit. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 2(f)
9. Your last Sefton licence ran out 18 months ago and you apply again. Do you need to take the knowledge test?
Answer: D. No, because your last licence expired less than 2 years ago. Applicants whose last licence expired less than 2 years ago do not need to retake the knowledge test. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 1 (Driver licences)
10. Can you bring an interpreter to help you with the knowledge test?
Answer: A. No, you must pass it without an interpreter. Part 1 says the knowledge test and any training must be passed without the aid of an interpreter. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 1 (Driver licences)
Private hire drivers and operators11 questions
11. Before you start work as a private hire driver, where must your private hire driver licence be kept?
Answer: C. With the vehicle proprietor, and a copy with the operator. Part 2(a) says you deposit your licence with the proprietor of the vehicle and one copy with the operator before you start work. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 2(a)
12. A passenger leaves a phone in your private hire vehicle. What must you do with it?
Answer: B. Report it to the police or return it to the owner within 48 hours. Search the vehicle after each hiring. Property found must be reported to the police or returned to its owner within 48 hours. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 2(e)
13. Can you play the radio or music during a private hire journey?
Answer: A. Only if the hirer clearly agrees to it. Part 2(e) says do not play any media device without the express consent of the hirer. A two-way radio system is the exception. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 2(e)
14. Someone waves at your private hire car in the street and asks for a ride. What should you do?
Answer: C. Refuse; every journey must be booked through your operator. Annex 9 says a private hire driver cannot accept a booking directly. All journeys must be pre-booked through your licensed operator. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 9 (FAQs)
15. You hold a Sefton private hire driver licence. Can you work for an operator licensed by another council?
Answer: B. No; driver, vehicle and operator must all be licensed by one council. Annex 9 says all three licences (driver, vehicle and operator) must be from the same council. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 9 (FAQs)
16. What must the operator door signs on a private hire vehicle say?
Answer: D. "PRIVATE HIRE ONLY", in letters at least 25mm high. Part 8(b) says door signs must show PRIVATE HIRE ONLY in letters at least 25mm (1 inch) high along at least three quarters of the sign, plus the operator's name and contact details. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 8(b)
17. Which of these is not allowed on a private hire vehicle?
Answer: B. Calling the vehicle a taxi or cab on its signs. Part 8(b) prohibits describing the vehicle as a TAXI or CAB, and showing the number of a mobile phone carried in the vehicle. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 8(b)
18. When can a private hire vehicle work without its operator door signs?
Answer: D. When it has a Council exemption notice for a full day (24 hour) hire. Part 8(f) allows an exemption for a full day's hiring (24 hours) under a Council exemption notice, which must be carried in the vehicle and shown on demand. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 8(f)
19. For how long must a private hire operator keep its journey records?
Answer: A. At least 6 months. Part 4(j) says journey records must be kept at the operator's licensed premises for at least 6 months and shown to the police or an authorised officer on request. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 4(j)
20. Before you start a shift in someone else's private hire vehicle, what must you check?
Answer: C. Fluid levels, tyres, brakes and lights. Part 2(e) says carry out basic checks on fluids, tyres, brakes and lights before work, whoever owns the vehicle. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 2(e)
21. Where must operator door signs be shown on a private hire vehicle while it is working?
Answer: D. On both front doors or on both rear doors. Part 8(b) says the signs go on either both front doors or both rear doors while the vehicle is working. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 8(b)
Hackney carriage byelaws and conditions12 questions
22. You drive to a hackney carriage rank and every space is taken. What do the byelaws say you must do?
Answer: A. Go on to another rank. Byelaw 8(a): if a stand is full when you arrive, go to another stand. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 10, Byelaw 8
23. There is space on a rank. Where do you put your hackney carriage?
Answer: C. Behind the last carriage, facing the same way. Byelaw 8(b) says station your carriage immediately behind those already on the stand, facing the same direction, and move up as others leave. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 10, Byelaw 8
24. While waiting on a rank, may you call out to people walking past to get a fare?
Answer: B. No, and you must not ask someone else to do it. Byelaw 9 says you must not, by calling out or in any other way, try to get people to hire your carriage, or use anyone else to do it. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 10, Byelaw 9
25. A passenger leaves a bag in your hackney carriage and nobody claims it. What must you do?
Answer: A. Take it to a police station in Sefton within 48 hours. Byelaw 19 says take unclaimed property to a police station in the district within 48 hours and get a receipt. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 10, Byelaw 19
26. When must the taximeter dial be lit during a hiring?
Answer: C. From half an hour after sunset to half an hour before sunrise, or when asked. Byelaw 6(b) says keep the dial lit between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise, and at any other time the hirer asks. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 10, Byelaw 6
27. A Sefton hackney carriage roof sign is not in a roof bubble. What colours must it be?
Answer: B. Yellow at the front and red at the back. Part 9(e)(i): unless fitted in a roof bubble, the roof sign is yellow to the front and red to the rear. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 9(e)
28. When should the roof sign on a hackney carriage be lit?
Answer: D. When the vehicle is free for hire, and off when hired. Part 9(e) says the sign is connected to the taximeter so it lights when the vehicle is available for hire and goes off when it is hired. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 9(e)
29. Your hackney carriage is a saloon car, not a purpose-built cab. What words must the front of its roof sign show?
Answer: B. "TAXI HACKNEY" or "HACKNEY TAXI". Part 9(e) says saloon, estate and MPV hackney carriages show TAXI HACKNEY or HACKNEY TAXI. Purpose-built cabs with a roof bubble show TAXI. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 9(e)
30. Can a Sefton hackney carriage pick up people in the street in Liverpool?
Answer: D. No, but it can do pre-booked work there. Annex 9 says a Sefton hackney carriage cannot ply for hire in Liverpool or another area, although it can carry out pre-booked work. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 9 (FAQs)
31. On a metered journey, can you ask for more than the fare on the taximeter?
Answer: A. Only for extras allowed in the Council's table of fares. Byelaw 16(b) says you may not take more than the taximeter shows, apart from extra charges authorised in the table of fares. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 10, Byelaw 16
32. How many hackney carriage vehicle licences does Sefton currently limit itself to?
Answer: C. 271. Annex 4 describes the restricted number of 271 hackney carriage vehicle licences, with a first come, first served waiting list for any that fall vacant. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 4
33. When must a hackney carriage driver wear the Council badge?
Answer: D. When standing or plying for hire, and when hired. Byelaw 14 says wear the badge so it is plainly visible when standing or plying for hire and when hired. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 10, Byelaw 14
Licensed vehicles: standards, plates and signs12 questions
34. For how long is a vehicle compliance certificate valid before you license the vehicle?
Answer: A. 28 days. Part 5(b) says a compliance certificate is only valid for 28 days. Once licensed, the vehicle does not need a normal MOT certificate. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 5(b)
35. A standard car is over 8 years old. Can Sefton license it?
Answer: C. Only if Sefton licensed it the year before, then for 6 months at a time. Part 5(c): a standard vehicle over 8 years old is not licensed unless Sefton licensed it in the year before. It may then be re-licensed 6 months at a time. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 5(c)
36. A purpose-built hackney carriage on a separate chassis (a London-style cab) can be licensed up to what age before the stricter rule applies?
Answer: B. 11 years. Part 5(d) sets the limit at 11 years for separately chassised vehicles, unless Sefton licensed the vehicle in the year before. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 5(d)
37. What is the minimum light that must pass through the front windscreen?
Answer: A. 75%. Part 6(h) says the front windscreen must let through at least 75% of light. The windows either side of the driver need at least 70%. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 6(h) and (i)
38. Your licensed vehicle has a scratch on the bodywork. Above what length does it fail the minimum standard?
Answer: C. 25mm. Part 6(b) says the bodywork must be free from scratches over 25mm long, and panel colours must match. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 6(b)
39. You want to fit CCTV in your licensed vehicle. What must you do?
Answer: B. Display at least one warning notice inside. Part 7(d) allows CCTV, with or without audio, if at least one warning notice is clearly shown inside so passengers know they may be recorded. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 7(d)
40. Where must the large external licence plate go?
Answer: D. Screwed securely to the rear of the vehicle. Part 7(e): the external plate is fixed with screws to the rear, clearly visible to following vehicles, and must not be shown in the rear window. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 7(e)
41. Where must the small internal licence plate go?
Answer: B. Inside the nearside of the front windscreen. Part 7(f) says fix it inside the nearside of the front windscreen, visible from the kerb and from inside the vehicle. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 7(f)
42. A family with a baby wants to travel. Your licence says 4 passengers and there are 4 adults. Can the baby come too?
Answer: D. No; babies count towards the number on the licence. Part 7(h) says the vehicle must not carry more passengers, including infants of any age, than the number on the licence and plates. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 7(h)
43. An officer finds one of your vehicle's lights is not working. What does the handbook say usually happens?
Answer: A. You get a 24-hour advisory notice to fix it and show the vehicle. Part 12(4)(d) gives a 24-hour advisory (defect) notice for lights that do not work. Ignoring it leads to an immediate stop notice. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 12(4)(d)
44. Your vehicle is found with two underinflated tyres. What is the usual sanction?
Answer: C. Immediate suspension of the vehicle licence until fixed. Part 12(4)(d): an unroadworthy or dangerous vehicle, for example with 2 or more defective or underinflated tyres, gets a stop notice until the faults are fixed. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 12(4)(d)
45. How many vehicle examinations a year can the Council require?
Answer: D. Up to three. Annex 9 says the law allows up to three examinations a year. You pay for the one at licensing or renewal; the others are free. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 9 (FAQs)
Conduct, convictions and safeguarding14 questions
46. You are worried a child in your car is being neglected, but they are not in immediate danger. Who should you ring?
Answer: A. The Multi Agency Safeguarding Hub (MASH) on 0345 140 0845. The handbook's safeguarding section says ring the MASH on 0345 140 0845. If a child is in immediate serious danger, ring 999. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Safeguarding Children and Young People
47. You suspect a young passenger is being sexually exploited. Which number does the handbook give for this?
Answer: C. 101, or the MASH on 0345 140 0845. The handbook says ring 101 to pass on concerns about child sexual exploitation, or the MASH on 0345 140 0845. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Safeguarding Children and Young People
48. You are worried about child sexual exploitation. What notes does the handbook say are most useful to the police?
Answer: B. Names, descriptions, pick-up and drop-off addresses, dates and times. The handbook asks drivers to note what was said, names, descriptions, addresses of pick-up and set-down, and dates and times. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Safeguarding Children and Young People
49. What can happen to a driver who refuses to carry a guide dog or assistance dog?
Answer: A. It is an offence, with fines of up to £5,000. Annex 11 says refusing a guide or assistance dog is an offence and fines of up to £5,000 can be imposed. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 11 (Guide Dogs)
50. On what grounds can a driver be exempt from carrying assistance dogs?
Answer: C. Medical grounds only, with a Council exemption certificate. Annex 11 says exemption can only be given on medical grounds; contact Sefton Taxi Licensing for an exemption certificate. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 11 (Guide Dogs)
51. A passenger lights a cigarette in your vehicle. Who is responsible for stopping it?
Answer: B. You, the driver, and you could get a fixed penalty. Part 11 says it is the driver's responsibility to enforce the smoking ban, and a fixed penalty notice may be issued against the driver. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 11(2) and Annex 9
52. You cannot finish a journey because of a problem you could have avoided. What can you charge?
Answer: D. Nothing for the distance you have driven. Part 11(1): if the journey is not completed, no fare is charged for the distance travelled unless the reason was beyond the driver's control. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 11(1)
53. An applicant has a conviction for an offence of dishonesty. How long does the convictions policy say must pass before a licence is granted?
Answer: B. At least 7 years after the sentence ends. Annex 1 says a licence will not be granted until at least 7 years have passed since any sentence for an offence of dishonesty was completed. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 1, para 5(a)
54. An applicant has a penalty for using a hand-held mobile phone while driving. How long must they wait?
Answer: D. At least 5 years. Annex 1 says at least 5 years from the conviction or the end of any sentence or ban, whichever is later. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 1 (General motoring convictions)
55. A licensed driver fails a police roadside breath test. What does the convictions policy say?
Answer: A. Their licence will be revoked. Annex 1 para 5(f) says any driver who fails a police roadside or other test for drink or drugs will have their licence revoked. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 1, para 5(f)
56. At how many penalty points on your DVLA licence will the Council review your taxi licence?
Answer: C. 12 points. Annex 1 says the Council will review the licence of any driver who reaches twelve points. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 1 (General motoring convictions)
57. An officer finds you driving a licensed vehicle with no valid insurance. What usually happens to your driver licence?
Answer: D. It is suspended at once until you show valid insurance. Part 12(4)(c) lists immediate suspension of the driver licence until insurance is produced. The matter is also reported with a view to prosecution. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Part 12(3) and (4)(c)
58. Your licence was revoked 8 months ago and nothing has changed. What does the policy say about a new application?
Answer: A. It would normally be refused within 12 months. Annex 1 para (m) says the panel would normally refuse a new application within 12 months of a refusal or revocation, unless circumstances have really changed. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 1, para (m)
59. Is there a legal limit on how many hours a Sefton driver can work in a day?
Answer: C. No, but the Council urges regular breaks and stopping when tired. Annex 10 says there are no legal controls over maximum hours, but urges drivers to take regular breaks and stop driving as soon as they feel tired. Sefton Licensing Handbook v3.3, Annex 10 (Working hours)
Questions people ask
Do I need to learn the whole handbook?
No. The test is open book, so learn how the handbook is laid out: the index, the Parts (1 to 12) and the Annexes. Then practise finding answers quickly.
Is the handbook up to date?
Sefton's New Drivers page still links version 3.3, revised 11 March 2024, as the handbook the test is based on. Some parts are out of date: for example, it says the VRQ training course is required, but the Council removed that requirement in September 2022. Check the Council's page for a newer version before your test.
Do hackney carriage drivers get extra questions?
No. The Council removed the extra street knowledge test for new hackney carriage drivers on 5 September 2022, and everyone now takes the same handbook test. Study the byelaws (Part 10) as well as the private hire conditions, as both are in the handbook.
Sources
- Hackney Carriage, Private Hire and Omnibus Licensing Scheme Handbook, version 3.3, Sefton Council, states "Version 3.3 (Revised 11th March 2024)"; file dated 14 November 2024. Checked 29 October 2026.
- New Drivers, Sefton Council, states "Last Updated on Thursday, October 22, 2026". Checked 29 October 2026.
Councils update their tests and policies, often yearly. If something here no longer matches your council's guidance, the council is right; please tell us so we can fix it.